Managing and indexing content on a network with image bookmarks and digital watermarks

ABSTRACT

A method of managing content, and in particular, managing content on the Internet retrieves a web page that includes an image and detects whether the image included within the web page is embedded with a digital watermark. It generates an indicia associated with an image included in the web page that is embedded with a digital watermark. The indicia indicate to the user which images include watermarks. The watermarks may be used to convey links to related web pages or specific information about the images, such as usage rights and licensing information. Variations of this method create image bookmarks to web pages including images using thumbnails of those images. A content management system comprises a first program for retrieving web pages including images. It also includes a second program for extracting an image from a web page, creating a thumbnail of the image, and forming an image bookmark linking the thumbnail to the web page that the image has been extracted from. The thumbnails are used to create a visual index to corresponding web pages from which the images originated on the Internet. A method of visual indexing of content on a network, such as the Internet, retrieves a web page, extracts an image included on the web page, generates a thumbnail of the image, and creates a link between the thumbnail and a location of the web page from which the image has been extracted.

RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation in part of application Ser. No. 10/112,884, filed Mar. 29, 2002, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/165,142, filed Oct. 1, 1998 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,421,070), which is a continuation in part of application Ser. No. 08/746,613, filed Nov. 12, 1996 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,122,403). This patent application is also a continuation in part of application Ser. No. 09/972,792, filed Oct. 5, 2001, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 09/612,177, filed Jul. 6, 2000 (Now U.S. Pat. No. 6,681,029), which is a continuation of Ser. No. 08/746,613, filed Nov. 12, 1996 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,122,403), which is a continuation in part of Ser. No. 08/649,419, filed May 16, 1996 (now U.S. Pat. No. 5,862,260), and PCT/US96/06618 filed May 7, 1996 (published as WO 96/36163). The above patents and patent applications are hereby incorporated by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to managing and indexing content, and particularly images, found on networks, such as web pages on the Internet.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

There are numerous commercially available programs called “browsers” that facilitate accessing and displaying data. The two leading commercially available browsers are the “Netscape Communicator” which is distributed by Netscape Corporation of Mountain View, Calif. and the “Internet Explorer” browser that is distributed by Microsoft corporation of Redmond, Wash.

Browsers allow one to utilize the internet to access web pages located at remote sites. A browser displays web pages in a window on a display device. The web pages that are displayed can contain both text and images.

Technology called stegangraphy had been developed which allows one to store digital data in an image. Such data is frequently termed a “digital watermark”. The digital data is not visible when an image containing such data is displayed with a conventional browser; however, the image can be passed through a special program which can detect and read the hidden data. Systems for storing digital data in images and for then reading such data from the images are for example shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,636,292 and in U.S. Pat. No. 5,748,783. Such technology is also discussed in the “Communications of the ACM” published July 1998 Vol. 41. No. 7 pages 31 to 77.

The following disclosure describes programs that work with a browser to provide functions that are not performed by prior programs. A typical web page displayed by a browser contains several images. With a conventional browser, a user can not visually determine if any of the images displayed on a web page contain a watermark, and cannot create and use image bookmarks.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

One aspect of the invention is a method of managing content, and in particular, managing content on the Internet. The method retrieves a web page that includes an image and detects whether the image included within the web page is embedded with a digital watermark. It generates an indicia associated with an image included in the web page that is embedded with a digital watermark. The indicia indicate to the user which images include watermarks. The watermarks may be used to convey links to related web pages or specific information about the images, such as usage rights and licensing information. Variations of this method create image bookmarks to web pages including images using thumbnails of those images.

Another aspect of the invention is a system for managing content. The system comprises a first program for retrieving web pages including images. It also includes a second program for extracting an image from a web page, creating a thumbnail of the image, and forming an image bookmark linking the thumbnail to the web page that the image has been extracted from. The thumbnails are used to create a visual index to corresponding web pages from which the images originated on the Internet, for example.

Another aspect of the invention is a method of visual indexing of content on a network, such as the Internet. The method retrieves a web page, extracts an image included on the web page, generates a thumbnail of the image, and creates a link between the thumbnail and a location of the web page from which the image has been extracted.

One embodiment is implemented as an adjunct to a convention browser which displays web pages including images. In this embodiment, visual indicia is placed on images that include a digital watermark so that a user can know that the image contains hidden watermark data. By clicking on the indicia which is placed on the image, the user will be linked to the web page identified by the watermark data hidden in the image. In this embodiment, such a link can be established without the web page designer having to include a tag in the web page which displays the original image. This embodiment also opens a separate widow depicting a thumbnail of each image in a web page. If a user right clicks on one of the thumbnails in this window the image will be added to a list of images in a special image bookmark file. When a user opens the bookmark web page, thumbnails of all the stored images in the bookmark file are displayed. A user can recall the web page which originally contained the image by clicking on the thumbnail.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a browser.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an embodiment.

FIG. 3 is flow diagram of the operation of the preferred embodiment

FIG. 4 is a diagram of a display screen of the preferred embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a diagram of a display screen showing bookmarks.

FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of the operation of the bookmark program

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

An embodiment is implemented utilizing what is known in the art as “helper application” for the Internet Explorer 4.0 browser. The Internet Explorer 4.0 browser is commercially distributed by Microsoft Corporation. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the commercially available Internet Explorer 4.0 browser 10. Browser 10 provides a mechanism for receiving and displaying data (called Web Pages) received from the World Wide Web (which is often referred to as W W W).

The embodiment described herein is designed to operate based on watermarks which have a particular format designed by Digimarc Corporation. Many of the commercially available programs which can insert watermarks in images and which can detect watermarks in images utilize this watermark format. For example, the Digimarc format is used by the following commercially available programs: “Adobe PhotoShop” Versions 4.0 and 5.0 and “Adobe ImageReady” Version 1.0 which are marketed by Adobe Corporation, “CorelDRAW” Versions 7 and 8, and “Corel PHOTO-PAINT” Versions 7 and 8 which are marketed by Corel Corporation, and Micrografx Webtricity” Versions 1 and 2, “Micrografx Graphics Suite 2”, and “Micrografx Picture Publisher” Versions 7 and 8 which are marketed by Micrografx Corporation.

The base program in the Internet Explorer 4.0 browser, that is, the program which begins the operation of the browser 10 is IEXPLORE.EXE 11 which is shown in FIG. 1. Program 11 calls the web browser control dynamic link library SHDOCVW.DLL 12. As stated in the documentation of the Internet Explorer provided by Microsoft SHDOCVW.DLL 12 “supplies the functionality associated with navigation, in-place linking, favorites and PICS support.” SHDOCVW.DLL 12 in turn hosts or calls the MSHTML.DLL 13 dynamic link library. MSHTML.DLL “performs the HTML parsing and rendering” and also “exposes the HTML document through the Dynamic HTML Object Model” 14. The HTML Object Model 14 hosts the Active X Control 14A, the Active X Engine 14B, the JAVA VM 14C and the Plug In Applet 14D. The various components in browser 10 store and retrieve information from URL Cache 15. The operation and function of the various components of the Internet Explorer browser are described in the publicly available literature (and on the web site) provided by Microsoft Corporation.

An embodiment adds a browser helper object 21 and two other programs 22 and 23 as shown in FIG. 2. Program 22 is a conventional program designed to detect a watermark in an image. One example of such a program is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,636,292. Another program for detecting watermarks is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,689,587. The browser helper object 21 interfaces with the dynamic link library MSHTML.DLL 13 and with the URL cache 15.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a web page being displayed in a window 40 on display screen 41 by browser 10. The example shown in FIG. 4 has four images designated image 1, image 2, image 3 and image 4. It should understood that the number of images and the placement of the images varies in each web page displayed and it is determined by the person who creates a web page. Furthermore, text may be interspersed with the images. The example shown in FIG. 4 is a simple example of a web page which is herein used to illustrate the operation of an embodiment.

The embodiment detects which images on a web page contain a watermark. The images which contain watermarks are flagged or noted by means of an indicia which is added to the lower right hand corner of any images that contain watermarks. In the example shown in FIG. 4, image 3 contains a watermark and thus indicia 46 appears on the lower right hand corner of the image. Indicia 46 could for example be a logo which identifies a particular company or it could be any other easily identified mark or symbol. It could be as simple as the letters WM or it could be a small multicolored image. The indicia which is displayed is stored in GIF file (Graphic Interchange Format file) and referenced by HTML code (HyperText Markup Language code) which causes the indicia to be displayed.

The data in the watermarks (which have the previously defined format) includes a particular HTML address. In the embodiment, if a user clicks on the indicia 46, a link is created and executed to a particular web page on a particular server herein identified as “www.digimarc.com/cgi-bin”.

The program 20 also opens a separate window 42 and it places a thumbnail (i.e. a reduced version) of each image in window 42. In the example shown in FIG. 4, thumbnails 42A, 42B, 42C and 42D are small versions of images 1 to 4 respectfully.

Program 20 also creates an image or “button” 45 which contails the symbol BM. If a user right clicks on one of the images in window 42, that image is saved as a bookmark. If at a later time a user clicks on the BM image 45, the system displays a list of the previously saved images 53 a to 53 h as shown in FIG. 5. When a user clicks on one of the displayed images 53 a to 53 h, a link is executed to the page from which the image originated, and thus that page is again displayed by the browser 10.

FIG. 3 is a block flow diagram of the operation of the browser helper object 21 and program 22. Block 31 indicates that initially the browser 10 receives data and it renders images in window 40 on the screen 41 as is normal for the operation of the browser 10. Block 32 indicates that when the download operation is complete, MSHTML.DLL 13 sends a “Download complete event” and a “Document Object” to Browser helper Object 21. The Document Object includes the URL addresses of each of the images in the page that is displayed. The characteristics of a Download Complete Event and a Document Object is explained in the documentation provided by Microsoft Corporation. Block 34 indicates that Browser Helper 21 sends a request to MSHTML for the address in cache 15 of one of the URL addresses which it previously received. The documentation supplied by Microsoft corporation explains how the above operations are performed.

Block 35 indicates that when browser helper 21 receives a Download Compete Event from MSHTML.DLL 13, the browser helper 21 queries the “Document Object”. The images which are in the page being displayed are available to the browser helper 21 in the current “Document”. The browser helper 21 retrieves the image data from the URL cache 15 and processes it as follows: The image is passed through watermark detector program 22 to determine if the image contains a watermark and bookmark program 23 places a thumbnail of the image in window 32.

As indicated by block 38, if no watermark is detected (and if this is not the last image which appears in the window being displayed) the program flow returns to block 34 and the process repeats for another image. If the image being processed is the last image in a window the process stops and does not begin again until browser helper 21 receives another “download Compete Event” signal.

If a watermark is detected by watermark detector 22, the process proceeds to block 39. As indicated by block 39, in this event helper Program 21 calculates the position of the lower right hand corner of the image and “inserts” a HREF and an IMG tag to the current document object of MSHTML.DLL. In response to the HREF and IMG tag, MSHTML.DLL will display an indicia such as indicia 46 in the lower right hand corner of the image with the watermark. The browser helper can calculate the lower right hand corner of the image where the indicia 46 is to be inserted from the location data of the image. The location where the image is to be inserted is given in the HREF command. The following is an example of and HREF and IMG tags:

-   <a href=“http://www.digimarc.com/cgi-bin/c1.p1?4+404407+0.0+1.” -   <IMG SRC='ind46.gif' STYLE=“position:absolute;left: 125top:200;     filter;alpha (opacity)”> -   </a> -   where: ind46.gif is a GIF image of the indicia 46.

The general format of such HREF and IMG tags is conventional. Likewise the technique for “inserting” a HREF and an IMG tag to the current document object of MSHTML.DLL is known.

When watermark detector 22 determines that a particular image contains a watermark, the browser helper 21 inserts tags such as the above to the MSHTML.DLL 13 which then superimposes indicia 46 over the image being displayed by the browser 10.

An Active X browser control program publicly available from Microsoft Corporation is used to display the thumbnails in widow 42 as shown in FIG. 4. The Active X browser control program is also used to display the image bookmarks as shown in FIG. 5.

A specific example of image HTML used to display thumbnails in window 42 using an Active X browser control is given below. <table width= 72> <tr><a href=‘http://safari.altavista.digital.com/cgi-bin/VP?START=1’ title=‘http://safari.altavista.digital.com/cgi-bin/VP?START=1’><font size=1 color=‘blue’ face=‘Verdana,Arial,Helvetica’> <P onmouseover=“this.style.color = ‘red’”; onmouseout= “this.style.color = ‘blue’”;>Corbis Picture Experience - AltaVista - BETA TEST<P> </font></a></tr> </table> <table cellspacing=‘1’ cellpadding=‘1’, border=‘0’ width=‘72’> <tr>   <td rowspan=‘2’><a href=‘http://safari.altavista.digital.com/cgi-bin/VP?START=1’><img src=“http://safari.altavista.digital.com/Assets/coravcpe.gif” border=‘0’ title=‘http://safari.altavista.digital.com/Assets/coravcpe.gif’ border=‘0’ height=‘30’ width=‘70’></a> </td> {close oversize bracket}     <td></td> </tr> <tr>     <td></td > </tr> <tr>   <td rowspan=‘2’><a href=‘http://safari.altavista.digital.com/cgi-bin/VP?START=1’><img src=“http://safari.altavista.digital.com/Assets/coravtitle.gif” border=‘0’ title=‘http://safari.altavista.digital.com/Assets/coravtitle.gif’ border=‘0’ height=‘50’ width=‘70’></a> </td> {close oversize bracket}     <td></td> </tr> <tr>     <td></td> </tr> <tr>   <td rowspan=‘2’ ><a href=‘http://safari.altavista.digital.com/cgi-bin/VP?START=1’><img src=“http://safari.altavista.digital.com/Assets/corav123.gif” border=‘0’ title=‘http://safari.altavista.digital.com/Assets/corav123.gif’ border=‘0’ height=‘52’ width=‘37’></a> </td> {close oversize bracket}     <td></td> </tr> <tr>     <td></td> </tr> <tr> </table>

The above example includes three images. The brackets at the right hand side of the above code indicate the sections of code which display each image. When in use, the number of images equals the number of images on a particular web page which is being displayed.

A block diagram of the program used to add images to the list of image bookmarks is shown in FIG. 6. With reference to FIG. 4, if a user would like to add one of the images 1 to 4 to a list of images that the user has bookmarked, the user would right clicks on the thumbnail of that image which shown in widow 42 (block 61). As a result of the right click, a drop down window (not specifically shown) will appear asking for the name the user wants to associate with the image (block 62). It is noted that the use of drop down widows to add information is conventional and well known. When the drop down window appears, the user enters a name and the image is added to the list of bookmarks with the name entered.

Similar HTML code to that given above is used with the Active X Browser control to display bookmarks as shown in FIG. 5. The following is an example of HTML code which displays bookmarks as shown in in FIG. 5. Such HTML is conventional and many alternative sequences of HTML can be used to generate a similar page of images. <html> <head> <title>Digimarc Watermark Explorer Bookmark</title> <body vlink=‘blue’ link=‘blue’> <table width= 100 align=‘center’> <tr> <td><a href=‘http://www.cnn.com/’ name=‘Bookmark_C’><font size=1 color=‘blue’ face=‘Verdana,Arial,Helvetica’><U onmouseover= “this.style.color = ‘red’”; onmouseout=“this.style.color = ‘blue’”; >CNN Interactive</U> </font></a></td></tr> {close oversize bracket} <tr> <td width=‘100’ align=‘center’> <a href=‘http://www.cnn.com/’><img src=“http://www.cnn.com/images/1998/05/homepage/cnnin.logo.gif” alt=‘http://www.cnn.com/’ border=‘0’ height=‘52’ width=‘70’></a> </td> </tr> </table> <table width= 100 align=‘center’> <tr> <td><a href=“ name=‘Bookmark_M’><font size=1 color=‘blue’ face=‘Verdana,Arial,Helvetica’><U onmouseover=“this.style.color = ‘red’”; onmouseout=“this.style.color = ‘blue’”; >Microsoft Investor</U> </font></a></td></tr> <tr> <td width=‘100’ align=‘center’> <a href=“><img src=“http://investor.msn.com/common/images/invlogo.gif” alt=” border=‘0’ height=‘48’ width=‘70’></a> </td> </tr> </table> <table width= 100 align=‘center’> <tr> <td><a href=“ name=‘Bookmark_P’><font size=1 color=‘blue’ face=‘Verdana,Arial,Helvetica’><U onmouseover=“this.style.color = ‘red’”; onmouseout=“this.style.color = ‘blue’”; >PC World</U> </font></a></td></tr> <tr> {close oversize bracket} <td width=‘100’ align=‘center’> <a href=“><img src=“http://www.idg.net/channels/ie4/english/images/ idg_logo.gif” alt=” border=‘0’ height=‘52’ width=‘70’></a> </td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>

The brackets to the right of the above HTML show the sections of HTML used to display one bookmark. Naturally it should be understood that the above is merely an example of one particular set of HTML that can be used to display a list of bookmarks. Various other sequences of code can be used to obtain similar functions. HTML code such as that shown above is conventional and widely used.

Another feature that can be added to the preferred embodiment is that window 42 can be used to display a visual history of the pages that have been viewed. That is one could include in window 42 a button that would allow one to scroll back through the thumbnails previously displayed in the window.

While the invention has been showed with respect to a preferred embodiment thereof, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. The scope of applicant's invention is defined by the following claims. 

1. A method of managing content, comprising: retrieving a web page that includes an image, detecting whether the image included within the web page is embedded with a digital watermark, and generating an indicia associated with an image included in the web page that is embedded with a digital watermark.
 2. The method of claim 1 including: displaying the indicia along with the image that is embedded with a digital watermark to indicate that the image includes a digital watermark.
 3. The method of claim 1 including: generating thumbnails of images from web pages retrieved from the network along with links associating the thumbnails of the images to corresponding web page locations where the images are located on a network.
 4. The method of claim 3 wherein the thumbnails are organized into a user interface of image bookmarks to corresponding web pages.
 5. The method of claim 4 wherein the user interface provides a navigation history of web pages visited by a user.
 6. The method of claim 4 including: enabling a user to add an image found on a web page to a list of image bookmarks depicted in the user interface, and maintaining the list of image bookmarks.
 7. The method of claim 4 including: directing a browser to a corresponding web page in response to a user selecting an image bookmark.
 8. A system for managing content, comprising a first program for retrieving web pages including images, a second program for extracting an image from a web page, creating a thumbnail of the image, and forming an image bookmark linking the thumbnail to the web page that the image has been extracted from.
 9. The system of claim 8 including: a program for detecting a digital watermark in the image extracted from a web page.
 10. The system of claim 9 wherein the system is operable to generate indicia for images in which digital watermarks are detected, the indicia serving to identify images that include a digital watermark.
 11. The system of claim 8 wherein the first program comprises a web browser.
 12. The system of claim 11 wherein the second program comprises code that executes with the web browser.
 13. The system of claim 8 wherein the first program displays a web page in a first window and a thumbnail of an image in the web page in a second window.
 14. The system of claim 13 wherein the thumbnail of the image is annotated with indicia when a digital watermark is detected in the image.
 15. The system of claim 8 wherein the system is operable to maintain and display a list of thumbnails as image bookmarks linking the thumbnails to corresponding images on web pages where the thumbnails originated.
 16. A method of visual indexing of content on a network, the method comprising: retrieving a web page; extracting an image included on the web page; generating a thumbnail of the image; creating a link between the thumbnail and a location of the web page from which the image has been extracted.
 17. The method of claim 16 including: in response to a request from a user, displaying a web page depicting thumbnails, the thumbnails each being associated with a link to a corresponding web page in which the image from which the thumbnail has been generated is located.
 18. The method of claim 17 wherein the web page depicting thumbnails represents an index to images stored on the Internet.
 19. The method of claim 17 wherein the web page depicting thumbnails represents a history of web pages visited by a user.
 20. The method of claim 16 including displaying the image extracted from a web page in a separate window from a window in which the web page is displayed, and enabling a user to create an image bookmark to the image. 